Legal and Soft Law Instruments Pertinent to Climate Engineering

  1. United Nations Outer Space Treaty  (1967)
  2. Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter(London Convention) (1972)/London Protocol (1996)
  3. Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques(ENMOD) (1978)
  4. Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (1979)
  5. United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982)
  6. The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (1987)
  7. Convention on Biological Diversity (1992)
  8. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992)
  9. Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty, Annex I, Environmental Impact Assessment
  10. United Nations Resolutions
  11. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission
  12. European Union
  13. Code of Conduct for Responsible Geoengineering Research
  14. Statements of Private Organizations

 

1. United Nations Outer Space Treaty (1967) 

 

2. Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter(London Convention) (1972)/London Protocol (1996)

2.1 Provisions of the London Convention & London Protocol Pertinent to Climate Geoengineering

2.1.1 London Convention Pertinent Provisions

2.1.2 Pertinent Provisions of the London Protocol

2.2 Resolutions

2.2.1 Resolution LC-LP.1 on the Regulation of Ocean Fertilization (2008)

2.2.2Resolution LC-LP.2 on the Assessment Framework for Scientific Research Involving Ocean Fertilization (2010)

2.2.3 Resolution LC-LP.4 (8)  (2013) on the Amendment to the London Protocol to Regulate the Placement of Matter for Ocean Fertilization and Other Marine Geoengineering Activities (2013) 

2.3 Statements of the Parties to the London Convention/London Protocol Pertinent to Climate Geoengineering

2.3.1 Statement of Concern Regarding Iron Fertilization of the Oceans to Sequester CO2 (2007)

2.3.2 International concern over ocean fertilization receives unanimous backing from key meeting in London (2012)

2.4 Assessment Framework for Scientific Research Involving Ocean Fertilization (2010)

2.5 Reports of the Parties to the London Convention/London Protocol

2.5.1 Report of the Thirty-Fifth Consultative Meeting and the Eighth Meeting of the Contracting Parties, Regulation of Ocean Fertilization and Other Activities(2013)

2.6 Informational Documents

2.6.1 Thirtieth Consultative Meeting of Contracting Parties, Legal and Intersessional Correspondence Group on Ocean Fertilization(LICG) (2008)

2.6.2 Thirtieth Consultative Meeting of Contracting Parties, A compilation of recent international statements, agreements and recommendations regarding ocean fertilization (2008)

 

3. Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques(ENMOD) (1978)

3.1 Party Reservations

 

4. Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (1979)

 

5. United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982)

 

6. The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (1987)

 

7. Convention on Biological Diversity (1992)

7.1 Provisions of the London Convention & London Protocol Pertinent to Climate Geoengineering

7.2 Decisions/Statements of the Parties to the CBD Pertinent to Climate Geoengineering

7.2.1 Decision Adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity at its Ninth Meeting, IX/16 Biodiversity and Climate Change, Ocean Fertilization (2009)

7.2.2 Decision Adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity at its Ninth Meeting, IX/20, Marine & Coastal Biodiversity (2009)

7.2.3 Decision Adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity at its Tenth Meeting, X/29, Marine and Coastal Biodiversity (2010)

7.2.4 Decision Adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity at its Tenth Meeting, X/33, Biodiversity and Climate Change (2010)
7.2.5 Statement on Behalf of the Executive Secretary to the Convention on Biological Diversity  on the occasion of  Third Meeting of the Intersessional Working Group on Ocean Fertilization 31 May – 3 June 2011

7.2.6 Call for Experts on Climate-Related Geo-Engineering as it Relates to the Convention on Biological Diversity (2011)

7.2.7 Decision Adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity at its Eleventh Meeting, XI/20Climate-related geoengineering (2011) 

7.3 Reports:

7.3.1 Scienti­fic Synthesis of the Impacts of Ocean Fertilization on Marine Biodiversity (2009)

7.4 Reports of the CBD Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice:

7.4.1 Technical and Regulatory Matters on Geoengineering in Relation to the Convention on Biological Diversity (2012)

7.4.2 Impacts on Climate-Related Geoengineering on Biological Diversity (2012)

7.4.3 Impacts on Climate-Related Geoengineering on Biological Diversity: Views and Experiences of Indigenous and Local Communities and Stakeholders (2012)

7.4.4 Regulatory Framework for Climate-Related Geoengineering Relevant to the Convention on Biological Diversity (2012)

7.4.5 Interim Update of Information on the Potential Impacts of Climate Geoengineering on Biodiversity and the Regulatory Framework Relevant to the Convention on Biological Diversity (2014)

7.4.6 Compilation of Submissions of Information Related to Measures Undertaken in Accordance with the Guidance on Climate-related Geoengineering Contained in Subparagraph 8 (W) of Decision X/33 (2014)

 

8. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992)

8.1 Pertinent Provisions

 

9. Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty, Annex I, Environmental Impact Assessment

 

10. United Nations Resolutions

10.1 Oceans and the Law of the Sea (2008) (provision on ocean fertilization)

10.2 Oceans and the Law of the Sea (2009) (provision on ocean fertilization)

10.3 Oceans and the Law of the Sea (2010) (provision on ocean fertilization)

10.4 The Future We Want Rio Plus 20 Conference (2012) (provision on ocean fertilization)

 

11. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission

11.1 Statement by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO regarding Ocean Fertilization (2012)

 

12. European Union

12.1 Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive 2003/87/EC so as to improve and extend the greenhouse gas emission allowance trading system of the Community (2008)

12.2 European Parliament resolution on developing a common EU position ahead of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (2011)

 

13. Code of Conduct for Responsible Geoengineering Research

 

14. Statements by Private Organizations

14.1 American Meteorological Society Policy Statement on Geoengineering the Climate System (2009)

14.2 The Anchorage Declaration (2009) (Indigenous Peoples’ Global Summit on Climate Change)

14.3 Asilomar International Conference on Climate Intervention Technologies, Statement from the Conference’s Scientific Organizing Committee (2010)

14.4 Oxford Principles

14.5 Rainforest Rescue Declaration on Biochar (2017)

14.6 Open letter by CBD Alliance members to the UNFCCC (2017)